Which describes significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning that adversely affects education?

• A. ADHD
• B. Down Syndrome
• C. Intellectual Disabilities
• D. Multiple Severe Disabilities

Answer: (C)

Intellectual disability is defined by significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning that adversely affects education, with onset during the developmental period. This means a learner shows an intelligence level well below peers and also has challenges with adaptive skills needed for daily life and learning, which together hinder classroom progress and the ability to benefit from typical instruction. In educational settings, this label is used to identify students who need specialized supports and individualized planning to address both learning needs and practical daily skills.

ADHD involves difficulties with attention, self-control, and hyperactivity, which can affect learning but are not about sub-average overall intellectual functioning. Down Syndrome is a specific genetic condition that often includes some degree of intellectual disability, but the description refers to the broader category used to describe learning-related functioning, not a particular syndrome. Multiple Severe Disabilities describe having several significant impairments, but the defining feature described here is the general pattern of intellectual functioning and its impact on schooling, which is captured by intellectual disabilities.