What is present levels of performance (PLOP) in an IEP?

• A. It describes current abilities and needs and sets baseline for goals and services
• B. It predicts future achievement
• C. It lists only test scores
• D. It is optional in IEPs

Answer: (A)

Present levels of performance describes where the student is right now in both academic and functional areas and how the disability affects involvement and progress in the general education curriculum. It combines current data from tests, classroom work, observations, and input from teachers and family to establish a baseline. That baseline guides the development of specific, measurable annual goals and the services, supports, and accommodations the student needs. It’s about current functioning, not a prediction of future achievement, and it isn’t limited to test scores alone—it's a holistic picture that includes strengths, needs, and how progress will be monitored. This element is required in the IEP, not optional.